2024
  1. Alveshere, B.C., C.C. Kern, and R.T. Fahey. 2024. Effects of experimental partial harvesting regimes on forest canopy structure and complexity. Forest Ecology and Management.
  2. Wang, J., D.H. Choi, E. La Rue, J.W. Atkins, J.R. Foster, J.H. Matthes, R.T. Fahey, S. Fei, B.S. Hardiman. 2024. NEON-SD: A 30-m Structure Diversity Product Derived from the NEON Discrete-Return LiDAR Point Cloud. Scientific Data.
  3. Cranmer, N., A. Bunce, B. Alveshere, T. Worthley, R.T. Fahey. 2024. Tree Trimming Effects on 3-Dimensional Crown Structure and Tree Biomechanics. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry.
  4. Alveshere, B.C., A. Bunce, T. Worthley, and R.T. Fahey. 2024. Evaluating effects of silvicultural treatments on forest canopy structure outcomes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2024-0080
  5. Wedagedara, H., C. Witharana, R.T. Fahey, D. Cerrai, D. Joshi, J. Parent. 2024. Nonparametric Machine Learning Modeling of Tree-caused Power Outage Risk to Overhead Distribution Powerlines. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14124991
  6. Gough, C.M., B. Buma, A. Jentsch, K. Mathes, R.T. Fahey. Disturbance theory for ecosystem ecologists: A primer. (In press). Ecology and Evolution. 14 (6), e11403
  7. Worthley, T., A, Bunce, A. Morzillo, C. Witharana, Z. Zhu, J. Parent, M. Rudnicki, J. Volin, N. Marek, J. Rogers, D. Kloster, D. Hale, S. DiFalco, N. Cranmer, K. Song, D. Joshi, H. Wedagedara, and Fahey, R.T. 2024. Stormwise: Innovative forest management to promote storm resistance in roadside forests. Journal of Forestry. https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvae011
  8. Bigelow, L., R.T. Fahey, J. Grabosky, R. Hallett, J. Henning, M. Johnson, and L. Roman. 2024. Predictors of street tree survival in Philadelphia: tree traits, biophysical environment, and socioeconomic context. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 94, 128284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128284​
  9. Zhang, P., R.T. Fahey, and S. Park. 2024. The Importance of Tree Canopy on Vacant Land for Landscape Connectivity: Existing Contribution and Future Development Scenarios. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128235​
  10. Ankori-Karlinsky, R. J. Hall, L. Murphy, R. Muscarella, S. Martinuzzi, R.T. Fahey, J.K. Zimmerman, M. Uriarte. 2024. Chronic Winds Reduce Tropical Forest Structural Complexity Regardless of Climate, Topography, or Forest Age. Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-024-00900-5.

2023
  1. Stuart-Haëntjens, E., J.W. Atkins, A.T. Fotis, R.D. Ricart, B.S. Hardiman, R.T. Fahey, B. Alveshere, C. Vogel. Gough, C.M. 2023. Beech bark disease does not reduce the primary production of Great Lakes forests in middle and late successional stages. Forest Ecology and Management. 548. 121382
  2. Choi, D., E. LaRue, J. Atkins, J. Foster, J. Matthes, R.T. Fahey, B. Thapa, S. Fei, B. Hardiman. 2023. Short-Term Effects of Moderate Severity Disturbances on Forest Canopy Structure. Journal of Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14145
  3. Wedagedara, H., C. Witharana, R.T. Fahey, D. Cerrai, D. Joshi, J. Parent. 2023. Modeling the impact of local environmental variables on tree-related power outages along distribution powerlines Electric Power Systems Research. 221, 109486. 
  4. LaRue, E, R.T. Fahey, B.S. Hardiman, J. Johnson, A. Elmore, P. Bhatt, C. Hakkenberg, S. Cousins, J.W. Atkins, B. Buma, D. Kashian, T. Surasinghe, A. Chen, M. Papes, L. Zhai, A. Koirala, J. Zambrano, B. Alveshere, J. St. Hilaire, S. Fei. 2023. Toward a unifying framework for characterizing ecosystem structural diversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2587​
  5. McNeil, B., R.T. Fahey,  C.J King, D.A Erazo, T.Z Heimerl A. Elmore . Tree crown economics. 2023. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2588

2022
  1. Morzillo, A.T., L.K. Campbell, K.L. King, K.J. Lautar, L. Scott, M.L. Johnson, M. Clarke, L. Rhodes, L.R. Johnson, S. Pincetl, N.F. Sonti, D.H. Locke, J.P. Schmit, R.T. Fahey, and M.E. Baker. 2022. A tale of urban forest patch governance in four eastern US cities. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127693
  2. Rodríguez González, M. I., B.C. Pijanowski, R.T. Fahey, and B.S. Hardiman. 2022. Distribution and access of top-ranked ecosystem services in the Chicago metropolitan region. Landscape and Urban Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104516
  3. Gough, C.M., J. Atkins, R.T. Fahey, P.S. Curtis, G. Bohrer, B.S. Hardiman, L. Hickey, L.E. Nave, , K.M. Niedermaier, C.S. Clay, J.M. Tallant, B. Bond-Lamberty. 2022. Disturbance has variable effects on the structural complexity of a temperate forest landscape. Ecological Indicators. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109004
  4. LaRue, E.A. R.T. Fahey, T. Fuson, J. Matthes, J. Foster, B.S. Hardiman. 2022. Evaluating the sensitivity of forest structural diversity characterization to LiDAR point density. Ecosphere.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4209​
  5. Fahey, R.T., D. Tanzer, B. Alveshere, J. Atkins, C.M. Gough, B.S. Hardiman. 2022. An experimental approach for crown to whole-canopy defoliation in forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2020-0527
  6. Atkins, J.W., J. Walter, A. Stovall, R.T. Fahey, C. Gough. 2022. Power-law scaling relationships link forest complexity and canopy height across forest types. Functional Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13983
2021​
  1. Piana, M.R. R.A. Hallett, M.L. Johnson, N.F. Sonti, L.A. Brandt, M.F.J. Aronson, M. Ashton, M. Blaustein, D. Bloniarz, A.A. Bowers, M.E. Carr, V. D’Amico, L. Dewald, H. Dionne, D.A. Doroski, R.T. Fahey, H. Forgione, T. Forrest, J. Hale, E. Hansen, L. Hayden, S. Hines, J.M. Hoch, T. Ieataka, S.B. Lerman, C. Murphy, E. Nagele, K. Nislow, D. Parker, C.C. Pregitzer, L. Rhodes, J. Schuler, A. Sherman, T. Trammell, B.M. Wienke, T. Witmer, T. Worthley, I. Yesilonis. 2021. Climate adaptive silviculture for the city: practitioners and researchers co-create a framework for studying urban oak-dominated mixed hardwood forests. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.750495
  2. Gough, C.M., G. Bohrer, B.S. Hardiman, L.E. Nave, C.S. Vogel, J. Atkins, B. Bond-Lamberty, R.T. Fahey, A.T. Fotis, M.S. Grigri, L.T. Haber, Y. Ju, C.L. Kleinke, K.C. Mathes, K.J. Nadelhoffer, E. Stuart-Haëntjens, P.S. Curtis. 2021. Disturbance‐accelerated succession increases the production of a temperate forest. Ecological Applications. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.241
  3. LaRue L., W. Dodds, J. Rohr, K. Rose, F. Tromboni, B. Hardiman, J. Johnson, K. Dahlin, J. Atkins, R.T. Fahey, J.H. Thorp, M.I. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, J. Parker, M. Keller, S. Chandra, J. Liu, J. Knott, and S.Fei. 2021. The ongoing evolution of Macrosystems Biology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 19:1, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2288.
  4. Janowiak, M.K., Brandt, L.A., Wolf, K.L.; Brady, M., Darling, L., Derby Lewis, A, Fahey, R.T., Giesting, K, Hall, E., Henry, M., Hughes, M., Miesbauer, J.W., Marcinkowski, K., Ontl, T., Rutledge, A., Scott, L., and Swanston, C.W. 2021. Climate adaptation actions for urban forests and human health. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-203. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-GTR-203
  5. Pastick, J., D. Maurer, and R.T. Fahey. 2021. Testing the potential for restoration-focused silviculture to affect ecosystem trajectories in urban-exurban oak woodlands. Restoration Ecology. doi: 10.1111/rec.13307
2020
  1. Gough, C.M., J.W. Atkins, B. Bond-Lamberty, R.T. Fahey, M.S. Grigri, L.T. Haber, K.C. Mathes, S. Pennington, J.M. Tallant. 2020. Diversity, structure and complexity as predictors of carbon cycling resistance to disturbance. Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00544-1
  2. Gough, C.M., J.W. Atkins, R.T. Fahey, B.S. Hardiman, and E.A. LaRue. 2020. Community and structural constraints on the complexity of eastern North American forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13180
  3. Volin, E., A. Ellis, S. Hirabayashi, S. Maco, D. Nowak, J. Parent, and R.T. Fahey. 2020. Understanding macro-scale patterns in urban tree canopy and inequity. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126818
  4. Atkins, J.W., R.T. Fahey, B.S. Hardiman, L. Haber, E. Stuart-Haentjens, LaRue, B. McNeil, D. Orwig, A. Stovall, J. Tallant, C. Gough. 2020. Canopy structural signatures of moderate severity disturbances. Ecosphere. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3156 
  5. Haber, L., R.T. Fahey, S.B. Wales, N. Correa-Pascuas, W.S. Currie, and C.M. Gough. 2020. Forest structure, diversity, and primary production in relation to disturbance severity. Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6209
  6. Johnson, L., M. Johnson, L. Campbell, M. Carr, M. Clarke, V. D’Amico, L. Darling, T. Erker, R.T. Fahey, K. Lautar, D.H. Locke, A.T. Morzillo, S. Pincetl, L. Rhodes, J.P. Schmit, L. Scott, N.F. Sonti. 2020. Conceptualizing Social-Ecological Drivers of Change in Urban Forest Patches. Urban Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-020-00977-5
  7. Wales, S.B., M.R. Kreider, J. Atkins, C.M. Hulshof, R.T. Fahey, L.E. Nave, K.J. Nadelhoffer, and C.M. Gough. 2020. Stand Age, Disturbance History and the Temporal Stability of Forest Production. Forest Ecology and Management. 460, 117865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117865
  8. LaRue, E.A., F.W. Wagner, J.W. Atkins, R.T. Fahey, C.M. Gough, S. Fei, B.S. Hardiman. 2020. Compatibility of aerial and terrestrial LiDAR for quantifying forest structural diversity. Remote Sensing.12, 1407. https://doi: 10.3390/rs12091407

2019
  1. Fahey, R.T., J.W. Atkins, C.M. Gough, B.S. Hardiman, L.E. Nave, P. Curtis, J. Tallant, L. Turner, K. Nadehoffer, C. Vogel, C. Scheuermann, E. Stuart-Haentjens, A. Fotis, R. Ricart. 2019. Defining a spectrum of integrative trait-based vegetation canopy structural types. Ecology Letters. 22, 2049-2059. doi:10.1111/ele.13388
  2. Gough, C.M., J.W. Atkins, R.T. Fahey, B.S. Hardiman. 2019. High rates of primary production in structurally complex forests. Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2864
  3. Fahey, R.T., J. Campbell, M. Duffy, T. Fahey, L. Rustad, R. Hallett, and C. Driscoll. 2019. Effects of an experimental ice storm on forest canopy structure. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0276
  4. Weitzman, J.N., P.M. Groffman, J.L. Campbell, C.T. Driscoll, R.T. Fahey, T.J. Fahey, P.G. Schaberg, G.J. Hawley, and L.E. Rustad. 2019. Ecosystem nitrogen response to a simulated ice storm in a northern hardwood forest. Ecosystems. 23: 1186-1205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00463-w
  5. Hickey, L.J., J. Atkins, R.T. Fahey, M. Kreider, S. Wales*, C.M. Gough. 2019. Contrasting development of canopy structure and primary production in planted and naturally regenerated red pine forests. Forests. 10 (7), 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10070566
  6. Parent, J, T. Meyer, J. Volin, R.T., Fahey, and C. Witharana. 2019. An analysis of enhanced tree trimming effectiveness on reducing power outages. Journal of Environmental Management. 241, 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.027
2018
  1. Atkins, J.W., G. Bohrer, R.T. Fahey, B.S. Hardiman, T. Morin, A. Stovall, N. Zimmerman, and C.M. Gough. 2018. Quantifying forest and canopy structural complexity metrics from terrestrial LiDAR data using the forestr R package. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13061
  2. Scheuermann, C.S., L.E. Nave, R.T. Fahey, K.J. Nadelhoffer, C.M. Gough. 2018. Mixed effects of ecosystem biological and physical structure on primary production in upper Great Lakes forests. Oecologia. doi: 10.1007/s00442-018-4236-x
  3. Gallinat, A.S., R.B. Primack, C.G. Willis, B. Nordt, A.D. Stevens, R.T. Fahey, A.Whittemore, Y. Du, Z.A. Panchen. 2018. Patterns and predictors of fleshy fruit phenology at five international botanic gardens. American Journal of Botany.
  4. LaRue, L., Atkins, J.W., K. Dahlin, R.T. Fahey, C.M. Gough, S. Fei, and B.S. Hardiman. 2018. Linking Landsat to terrestrial LIDAR: Spectral indices of greenness and brightness are correlated with canopy structural complexity. International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation. 73: 420-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2018.07.001 
  5. Hardiman, B.S., LaRue, L., Atkins, J.W., R.T. Fahey, F. Wagner, and C.M. Gough. 2018. Spatial variation in canopy structure across forest landscapes. Forests. 9(8), 474; doi:10.3390/f9080474
  6. Atkins, J.W., R.T. Fahey, B.H. Hardiman, C.M. Gough. 2018. Forest structural complexity predicts canopy light absorption at the sub-continental scale. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004256
  7. Roman, L.A., H. Pearsall, T. Eisenman, T. Conway, R.T. Fahey, S. Landry, J. Vogt, N. van Doorn, M. Grove, D. Locke, A. Bardekjian, J. Battles, M. Cadenasso, C. Konijnendijk, M. Avolio, A. Berland, D. Jenerette, S. Mincey, C.Staudhammer. 2018. How the urban forest came to be: A review of human and ecological legacies. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 31: 157-168
  8. Fahey, R.T., B. Alveshere, J. I. Burton, A. D’Amato, Y.L. Dickinson W.S. Keeton, C.C. Kern A. Larson, B. Palik, K.J. Puettmann, M.R. Saunders, C.R. Webster, J.W. Atkins, C.M. Gough, B.S. Hardiman. 2018. Shifting conceptions of complexity in forest management and silviculture. Forest Ecology and Management. 421: 59-71  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.011
  9. Sagara, B.T., R.T. Fahey, C.S. Vogel, A.T. Fotis, P.S. Curtis, and C.M. Gough. 2018. Moderate Disturbance Has Similar Effects on Production Regardless of Stand Productivity and Composition. Forests. 9, 70; doi:10.3390/f9020070 
  10. Fotis, A., T. Morin, R.T. Fahey, B. Hardiman, and P. Curtis. 2018. Forest canopy complexity in space and time: biotic and abiotic determinates and effects on net primary productivity. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 250-251, 181-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.12.251 
  11. Bialecki, M.B., R.T. Fahey, and B.C. Scharenbroch. 2018. Variation in urban forest productivity and response to extreme drought across a large metropolitan region. Urban Ecosystems.  21(1), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-017-0692-z
2017
  1. Scharenbroch, B.C., D.R. Carter, M.B. Bialecki, R.T. Fahey, L. Scheberl, M. Catania, L. Roman, N. Bassuk, R. Harper, L. Werner, A. Siewert, S. Miller, L. Hutrya, S. Raciti. 2017. A rapid urban site index for assessing the quality of street tree planting sites. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.08.017
  2. Scharenbroch, B.C., M.B. Bialecki, and R.T. Fahey. 2017. Distribution and factors controlling soil organic C in the Chicago region. Soil Science Society of America Journal.
  3. Fahey, R.T. and M. Casali. 2017. Distribution of forest ecosystems over two centuries in a highly urbanized landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning. 164, 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.03.008
  4. Brandt, L., A. Derby-Lewis, L. Scott, L. Darling, R.T. Fahey, L. Iverson, D. Nowak, A. Bodine, A Bell, S. Still, P. Butler, A. Dierich, S. Handler, M. Janowiak, S. Matthews, J. Miesbauer, M. Peters, A. Prasad, P.D. Shannon, D. Stotz, and C. Swanston. 2017. Chicago Wilderness Region Urban Forest Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis: A Report from the Urban Climate Change Response Framework Chicago Wilderness Pilot Project. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-168. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 142 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-GTR-168
2016
  1. Swanston, C. W., M. K. Janowiak, L. A. Brandt, P. R. Butler, S. D. Handler, P. D. Shannon, A. Derby Lewis, K. Hall, R.T. Fahey, L. Scott, A. Kerber, J.W. Miesbauer, and L. Darling. 2016. Forest Adaptation Resources: climate change tools and approaches for land managers, 2nd ed. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-GTR-87-2. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 161 p. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/NRS-GTR-87-2
  2. Fahey, R.T., E.J. Stuart- Haëntjens, C.M. Gough, A. De La Cruz, E. Stockton, C.S. Vogel, and P.S. Curtis. 2016. Evaluating forest subcanopy response to moderate severity disturbance and contribution to ecosystem-level productivity and resilience. Forest Ecology and Management. 376:135-147.
  3. Brandt, L., A. Derby-Lewis, R.T. Fahey, L. Scott, L. Darling, and C. Swanston. 2016. A framework for adapting urban forests to climate change. Environmental Science and Policy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.005
  4. Fahey, R.T. 2016. Variation in responsiveness of woody plant leaf-out phenology to anomalous spring onset. Ecosphere. 7(2):e01209. 
2015
  1. Stuart-Haëntjens, E.J., P.S. Curtis, R.T. Fahey, C.S. Vogel, and C.M. Gough. 2015. Net primary production of a temperate deciduous forest exhibits a threshold response to increasing disturbance severity. Ecology. 96:2478–2487.
  2. Barber, N and R.T. Fahey. 2015. Consequences of phenology variation and oxidative defenses in Quercus. Chemoecology. 25: 261-270
  3. Fahey, R.T., A. Fotis, and K. Woods. 2015. Drivers of variation in canopy structural complexity in old-growth forests and consequences for productivity and resilience to disturbance. Ecological Applications. 25(3): 834-847.
  4. D. Carter, R.T. Fahey, K. Driesilker, M. B. Bialecki, and M. Bowles. 2015. Evaluating trade-offs between oak regeneration and C sequestration in relation to management and historical land-use. Forest Ecology and Management. 343: 53-62.
  5. Panchen, Z. A., R. Primack, A. Gallinat, B. Nordt, A.D. Stevens, Y. Du., R.T. Fahey. 2015. Substantial variation in leaf senescence times among 1360 temperate woody plant species: Implications for phenology and ecosystem processes. Annals of Botany. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcv015​
2014
  1. Fahey, R.T. and C.G. Lorimer. 2014. Forest transitions at pre-settlement white pine locations in the mesic hemlock-hardwood forests of northern Wisconsin. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 141(4): 277-293.
  2. Fahey, R.T. 2014. Composition, structure, and trajectories of Great Lakes coastal pine forests in relation to historical baselines and disturbance history. American Midland Naturalist 172(2): 285–302
  3. Panchen, Z. A., R. Primack, B. Nordt, E.R. Ellwood, A.D. Stevens, S.S. Renner, C. G. Willis, R.T. Fahey, A.Whittemore, Y. Du, C.C. Davis. 2014. Leaf-out times in woody temperate plants are related to phylogeny, deciduousness, growth habit and wood anatomy. New Phytologist doi: 10.1111/nph.12892
  4. Fahey, R.T. D. Maurer, M. Bowles, and J. McBride. 2014. Evaluating restoration baselines for  historically fire-protected woodlands within a Northeastern Illinois Prairie Peninsula landscape. Natural Areas Journal. 34(2): 166-177
  5. Fahey, R.T. and C.G. Lorimer. 2014. Establishment and persistence of pine populations in late-successional forests: influence of variation in habitat-mediated disturbance regimes. Journal of Vegetation Science 25(2): 584-600.
2013
  1. Fahey, R.T. and C.G. Lorimer. 2013. Competitive status of eastern white pine reintroduced into mesic hemlock-northern hardwood stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 292: 139-149.
  2. ​Fahey, R.T., M.B. Bialecki, and D.R. Carter. 2013. Tree growth and resilience to extreme drought across an urban land-use gradient. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry. 39(6): 279-285.
2012 etc.
  1. Fahey, R.T., C.G. Lorimer, and D.J. Mladenoff. 2012. Habitat heterogeneity and life-history traits influence presettlement distributions of early-successional tree species in a late-successional, hemlock-hardwood landscape. Landscape Ecology.27:7. 999-1013.
  2. Fahey, R.T., M. Bowles, and J. McBride. 2012. Origins of the Chicago urban forest: composition and structure in relation to pre-settlement vegetation and modern land-use. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 38 (5).181-193. 
  3. ​Fahey, R.T. and K.J. Puettmann. 2008. Determination of gap influence extent based on patterns in understory plant communities. Forest Ecology and Management, 255: 2801-2810.
  4. Fahey, R.T. and K.J. Puettmann. 2007. Ground-layer disturbance and initial conditions influence gap partitioning of understorey vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 95: 1098-1109.
  5. Suarez, E.R., Tierney, G.L., Fahey, T.J., and Fahey, R.T. 2006. Exploring patterns of exotic earthworm distribution in a temperate hardwood forest in South-Central New York, USA. Landscape Ecology, 21: 297-306
  6. Bohlen, P.J., P.M. Groffman, T.J. Fahey, M.C. Fisk, E.R. Suarez, D.M. Pelletier, and R.T. Fahey. 2004. Ecosystem consequences of exotic earthworm invasion of north temperate forests. Ecosystems, 7:1-12